Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo de Britto Author-Name-First: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo Author-Name-Last: de Britto Author-Name: Tatiana Alessio de Britto Author-Name-First: Tatiana Alessio de Author-Name-Last: Britto Title: The Effects of Wage and Unemployment on Crime Incentives – An Empirical Analysis of Total, Property and Violent Crimes Abstract: Using quarterly data of the U.S economy and based on cointegration analysis, we built a relatively simple error correction model focusing on a few key variables that can help prove that crime is an induced response to economic incentives. In particular, we found causality summing from unemployment and wage levels to total crime in the long-run, and causality from wage to total crime in the short-run. For property crime, we found the above relationships plus a short-run causality from unemployment. Finally, violent crime seems not to be explained by economic variables. Creation-Date: 2014-12-17 Number: 46/2014 Classification-JEL: C32 Keywords: crime, property crime, violent crime, error correction model, K0, K4 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601935 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601935/files/eprg-wp-2014-46.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:462014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hellen Chrystine Zanetti Matarazzo Author-Name-First: Hellen Chrystine Zanetti Author-Name-Last: Matarazzo Title: Políticas Públicas de Saúde Influenciam o Eleitor? Abstract: Due to the growing literature on the electoral behavior and public policy assessment, this research aims to analyze the effect of public health policies in the electoral support to incumbents. To do so, the particular case of Brazil's Popular Pharmacy Program was evaluated, a public program of copayment to a list of essential medicines that covers some of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the population, namely diabetes, hypertensive diseases and asthma. The sample covered all Brazilian municipalities whose mayors ran for reelection in 2008 and the explanatory variables included data related to municipalities and candidates' characteristics for 2004 and 2008. The effect of the program on the vote share of the incumbents was evaluated with the multiple linear regression model with panel data using the method of difference-in-differences, and the effect of the program on the probability of reelection was evaluated with the linear probability model with cross-sectional data using the method of ordinary least squares. The effect of the program on mortality and morbidity indicators related to the main target diseases of the program was also evaluated using the method of difference-in-differences. The results indicate that, in general, the program generated an average increase of 3.4 percentage points in the vote share of the mayors. Moreover, in 2008 the probability of election in municipalities with the program was 9.8 percentage points higher than in the other municipalities. Finally, the results indicated that the program reduced deaths from diabetes and asthma, and hospitalizations for hypertensive diseases, with statistical significance. It is evident the effect of the Popular Pharmacy Program in the electoral support to reelection and in improving municipalities health indicators. Creation-Date: 2014-12-10 Number: 45/2014 Keywords: Eleições municipais, avaliação de políticas públicas, políticas públicas de saúde, Programa Farmácia Popular, diferença-em-diferenças, Municipal elections, public policy assessment, health policy, Popular Pharmacy Program, difference-in-differences DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601933 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601933/files/eprg-wp-2014-451.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:452014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maurício Soares Bugarin Author-Name-First: Maurício Soares Author-Name-Last: Bugarin Author-Name: Fernando B. Meneguin Author-Name-First: Fernando B. Author-Name-Last: Meneguin Title: Regulação Ótima e a Atuação do Judiciário: Uma Aplicação de Teoria dos Jogos Abstract: O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar conjuntamente os efeitos da regulação tradicional e do ativismo judicial sobre a atividade econômica e o bemestar social. A metodologia consiste em estudar a matéria com a Análise Econômica do Direito, ilustrando-a com casos julgados pelo Poder Judiciário e utilizando a Teoria dos Jogos para captar o comportamento estratégico dos agentes. Num primeiro jogo, interagem apenas firmas e agência reguladora. O regulador tem informação imperfeita sobre a estrutura de mercado vigente, mas deve decidir se intervém na economia aplicando preço-teto ou se deixa o mercado livre. O equilíbrio mostra que, havendo capacidade técnica suficientemente elevada pelo regulador, a intervenção regulatória aumenta o bem-estar social. Num segundo jogo, o Judiciário pode impor, ex-post, redução de preço a uma empresa. Nesse caso, dois possíveis equilíbrios podem surgir. Se a intervenção judicial for moderada, a regulação e o sistema judicial se complementam, incrementando o bem-estar social. Mas, se o ativismo judicial for exagerado, os dois mecanismos são opostos: a coexistência de regulação ex-ante e ativismo judicial ex-post reduz o bem-estar social. A contribuição do estudo é analisar o efeito conjunto desses dois tipos de intervenção pública, prevendo seu impacto sobre o bem-estar social e sinalizando como o Estado deve atuar. Creation-Date: 2014-12-04 Number: 44/2014 Keywords: Regulação, Ativismo Judicial, Bem-estar social DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601912 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601912/files/eprg-wp-2014-44.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:442014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Santos Dantas Author-Name-First: Rafael Santos Author-Name-Last: Dantas Author-Name: Maria Tannuri-Pianto Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Tannuri-Pianto Title: De Facto Property Rights Recognition, Labor Supply and Investment of the Poor in Brazil Abstract: We analyze the impact of the Land Tenure Regularization Program implemented in the Federal District of Brazil on household labor supply, on household and per capita labor earnings and on home current and future investment. The program was established in 2009 by the Plano Diretor de Ordenamento Territorial – PDOT, which defines the settlement areas of social interest. The adopted definition is regarded as recognition of de facto property rights in opposition to de jure property rights that, by the time the questionnaires were applied, were still not granted. Using propensity score matching and a dataset from the Socioeconomic Research on Social Vulnerable Territories in Federal District, collected by DIEESE in 2010, we find results that are mostly consistent with the empirical literature and show a higher labor supply of men in treated households as well as better jobs, higher household income, higher per capita income and hourly wages of treated households in comparison with the control group. Our results also point to a greater propensity to invest in their homes associated with an increase in the perception of safety of the treated households. Creation-Date: 2014-11-12 Number: 43/2014 Keywords: Property Rights, Land Use Regulation, Labor Market, Propensity Score Matching DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601901 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601901/files/eprg-wp-2014-43.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:432014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maurício Soares Bugarin Author-Name-First: Maurício Soares Author-Name-Last: Bugarin Author-Name: Fernando B. Meneguin Author-Name-First: Fernando B. Author-Name-Last: Meneguin Title: On the Institutional Incentives Faced by Brazilian Civil Servants Abstract: The present paper analyzes the institutional incentives public managers face in Brazil. A decision-theoretic model suggests that the constitutional principle of "Legality" induces tenured civil servants to adopt a non-innovative, bureaucratic management style. Conversely, temporary appointed managers tend to be more active, which could either generate higher social returns, in the case of socially inclined managers, or lower social return, in the case of managers involved in corrupt activities. A brief econometric analysis from 2002 to 2011 suggests that Ministries with higher percentages of temporary appointed managers tend to have higher corruption levels. Then, the conclusion discusses how institutions could be adjusted in order to stimulate a socially desirable innovative management while curbing corrupt practices. Creation-Date: 2014-11-05 Number: 42/2014 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601894 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601894/files/eprg-wp-2014-42.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:422014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo de Britto Author-Name-First: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo Author-Name-Last: de Britto Title: Uma Introdução à Teoria Econômica da Corrupção: Definição, Taxonomia e Ensaios Selecionados Creation-Date: 2014-10-13 Number: 41/2014 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601892 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601892/files/erpg-wp-2014-41.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:412014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rogério Pereira Author-Name-First: Rogério Author-Name-Last: Pereira Author-Name: Tatiane Almeida de Menezes Author-Name-First: Tatiane Almeida de Author-Name-Last: Menezes Title: Um modelo de jogo cooperativo sobre os efeitos da corrupção no gasto público Abstract: This paper analyzes the growth of the population's perception regarding to corruption crimes around the world, assuming the hypothesis of economic coordination among public managers to elaborate strokes against the state. Using samples of international public spending, containing 22 countries and dynamic panel models, it is concluded that exist correlation to a more efficient partition between countries for defense spending. In addition to this observation, it appears that there is correlation between the corrupt behavior of policymakers for spending on public services, environmental protection and community works. Creation-Date: 2014-10-06 Number: 40/2014 Classification-JEL: K42 Keywords: Gasto Público, Corrupção e Eficiência Econômica, Public Spend, Corruption and Economic Efficiency DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601882 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601882/files/eprg-wp-2014-40.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:402014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Ribeiro Alvarenga Author-Name-First: Bruno Ribeiro Author-Name-Last: Alvarenga Author-Name: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo de Britto Author-Name-First: Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo Author-Name-Last: de Britto Title: Uma análise dos efeitos da fusão ALL-Brasil Ferrovias no preço do frete ferroviário de soja no Brasil Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the consequences of the merger between Latin America logistics (ALL) and Brasil Ferrovias, occurred in 2006, on the price of shipping freight of soybeans in Brazil. The companies have competing railways connecting the Central-West region of Brazil to the port of Santos. This fact raised concern of the Brazilian System of Competition Defense during the assessment phase of the merger, yet the merger was approved. Few years after the merger, this paper estimates its impact on prices by making use of a econometric model of differences-in-differences. The result showed that prices recorded significant increases as a result of the merger, indicating that the operation allowed the exercise of market power by the new company due to a more concentrated market structure. Creation-Date: 2014-10-01 Number: 39/2014 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601876 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601876/files/eprg-wp-2014-391.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:392014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Vitor Lima Carneiro Author-Name-First: Vitor Lima Author-Name-Last: Carneiro Author-Name: Vander Mendes Lucas Author-Name-First: Vander Mendes Author-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Comportamentos estratégicos entre municípios no Brasil Abstract: This work tests for the presence of strategic interaction in municipal spendings motivated by spillover. To accomplish this goal, the reaction functions of ten spending categories were estimated by Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS), an alternative to Maximum Likelihood method. Given the simplicity of the assumptions of the budget spillover model, it was possible to test the existence of strategic interaction using cross-sectional data for the year 2012 - the latest available basis at the time of this publication. The results showed that reaction functions are relevant and positively sloped to nine of ten categories of public services, indicating complementarity relationship between expenditure in neighboring municipalities. With regard to the intensity of the interaction coefficients, higher values seems to be related to greater discretionary power of local government. Thus, it follows that there is more freedom to make changes in expenditures for Culture and Public Safety, due to the sizeable magnitude of the interaction coefficient. On the other hand, expenditure on Education, Health and Public Administration are poorly responsive to changes in neighboring municipalities, because of the existence of legal restrictions that limit the power to manipulate these variables. Creation-Date: 2014-08-27 Number: 38/2014 Keywords: spillover, interação estratégica, gasto municipal, GS2SLS, strategic interaction, municipal spending DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601866 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601866/files/eprg-wp-2014-381.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:382014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fábio Avila de Castro Author-Name-First: Fábio Avila de Author-Name-Last: Castro Title: Modelos Microeconômicos de Análise da Litigância Abstract: The goal of this work is to present a qualitative analysis of the Brazilian rules and institutes of civil and tax laws, using two microeconomic models of dispute resolution: the optimism model or differing perceptions model and the asymmetric information model. Creation-Date: 2014-08-20 Number: 37/2014 Classification-JEL: C78, K10, K41 Keywords: litigância, modelo do otimismo, jogos de barganha, assimetria de informação, litigation, optimism model, bargain games and asymmetric information DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601850 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601850/files/eprg-wp-2014-37.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:372014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: André Portela Souza Author-Name-First: André Portela Author-Name-Last: Souza Author-Name: Plínio Portela de Oliveira Author-Name-First: Plínio Portela de Author-Name-Last: Oliveira Author-Name: Janete Duarte Author-Name-First: Janete Author-Name-Last: Duarte Author-Name: Sérgio Ricardo de Brito Gadelha Author-Name-First: Sérgio Ricardo de Brito Author-Name-Last: Gadelha Author-Name: José de Anchieta Semedo Neves Author-Name-First: José de Anchieta Semedo Author-Name-Last: Neves Title: Uma Investigação sobre a Focalização do Programa Bolsa Família e seus Determinantes Imediatos Abstract: This study aims to conduct an investigation into the targeting of Bolsa Família Program and its immediate determinants, as well as a quantitative analysis of beneficiary families. The econometric results point to an inverse relationship between the Program coverage and the municipal levels of social and economic development. There is evidence that municipalities with more professional management of BFP's resources have a higher coverage. Policies simulations suggest the need to involve efforts both for the purpose to reach eligible but yet not benefited families and for reducing the Program leakage, whether the objective is the universalization. Creation-Date: 2014-06-23 Number: 36/2014 Classification-JEL: C31, H53, H77, I38, O15 Keywords: Programa Bolsa Família, Descentralização, Focalização, Pobreza, Desigualdade, Bolsa Família Program, Targeting, Decentralization, Poverty, Inequality DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601841 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601841/files/eprg-wp-2014-36.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:362014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Leopoldo Kirchner Author-Name-First: Leopoldo Author-Name-Last: Kirchner Author-Name: Vander Mendes Lucas Author-Name-First: Vander Mendes Author-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Terminais de Contêineres no Brasil: Eficiência Intertemporal Abstract: Ports are considered as providers of capital intensive services. The recent evolution of the Brazilian port sector has led to significant impacts on the competition and the expectation of further efficiency gains impacts. Although Brazil is a big mover dry bulk, general cargo is in where the higher value-added goods and container handling is in this category. Considering the average value of efficiencies in the three years of analysis, two large terminals (TECON Santos and LIBRA Terminals - Santos) remain on the efficiency frontier. The intertemporal analysis using the Malmquist index shows the evolution of productivity of a container terminal and analyzing the rate of change in technology of the three terminals, we observed that for someone these rates fell. This means that, despite remaining on the efficient frontier, the inputs are being used by the port terminals in a less efficient way than in the previous period. Creation-Date: 2014-06-22 Number: 35/2014 Classification-JEL: L25, L62, L91, R41 Keywords: Eficiência portuária, DEA, Índices de Malmquist, Port efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Index DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601831 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601831/files/eprg-wp-2014-35.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:352014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Neves Pedrosa di Cillo Author-Name-First: Roberto Neves Pedrosa Author-Name-Last: di Cillo Title: Lei 12.846/13: atrai ou afugenta investimentos? Creation-Date: 2014-06-04 Number: 34/2014 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23601808 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23601808/files/eprg-wp-2014-341.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:342014