Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Luís Felipe Batista de Oliveira Author-Name-First: Luís Felipe Batista de Author-Name-Last: Oliveira Author-Name: Rafael Terra Author-Name-First: Rafael Author-Name-Last: Terra Title: Impacto do Programa Ensino Médio Inovador em indicadores educacionais Abstract: This paper examines whether higher direct federal transfers for high schools, controlled by Brazilian states, improve educational performance. To identify these effects, we exploit non-linear step-function pattern in the transfers rule. The exogenous variation is addressed by four different econometric models including similar approaches to Ferraz e Finan (2011) and Angrist e Lavy (1999) identification strategies. We show that the program has barely no effect on educational outcomes in 2013 and 2015, indicating that it needs to update its accountability. Creation-Date: 2017-09-27 Number: 80/2017 Classification-JEL: C21, I20, I28 Keywords: Políticas Educacionais, Avaliação de Impacto, Regressão com Descontinuidade, Education policies, Impact Evaluation, Regression Discontinuity Design DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594601 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594601/files/eprg-wp-2017-80.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:802017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Caio Cordeiro de Resende Author-Name-First: Caio Cordeiro de Author-Name-Last: Resende Title: Uma Avaliação da Política de Privatização de Aeroportos Brasileira: Uma Abordagem por Controle Sintético Abstract: Até 2011, os grandes aeroportos brasileiros eram todos operados por uma única empresa pública: a Infraero. Desde então, o governo federal vem promovendo uma mudança significativa no setor, por meio da privatização dos principais aeroportos país. Passados seis anos da primeira concessão de aeroportos, não conhecemos qualquer estudo empírico rigoroso sobre o resultado dessas privatizações. Visando preencher essa importante lacuna, neste trabalho avaliamos o impacto da privatização nas receitas comerciais dos aeroportos. Utilizamos a metodologia de controle sintético para estimar o contrafactual de como teriam evoluído essas receitas caso os aeroportos permanecessem sob operação da Infraero. Trata-se de uma aplicação inovadora dessa metodologia para avaliação de programas de privatização. Mostramos que os impactos da privatização nas receitas comerciais são significativos e imediatos em praticamente todos os aeroportos privatizados, chegando, em alguns casos, a um aumento de quase 70% logo no primeiro ano pós-privatização. Creation-Date: 2017-09-14 Number: 79/2017 Keywords: Aeroportos, Privatização, Avaliação de Impacto, Controle Sintético DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594577 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594577/files/eprg-wp-2017-79.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:792017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Caio Cordeiro de Resende Author-Name-First: Caio Cordeiro de Author-Name-Last: Resende Author-Name: Ana Carolina Zoghbi Author-Name-First: Ana Carolina Author-Name-Last: Zoghbi Title: Tecnologia e Desempenho Escolar: Uma Avaliação de Impacto do Programa Um Computador por Aluno Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the school environment on student achievement. To this end, we conducted the first rigorous impact evaluation of the One Laptop Per Child – OLPC Brazilian program, which provided a laptop for each student, in addition to 120 hours of training for teachers, in more than 300 schools in 2010. Our results indicate that the program has had a significant impact on the computer-to-student ratio and the use of computers and internet for teaching purposes. Nevertheless, no evidence is found of effects on dropout rates and students' academic performance in Math and Language standardized tests. Estimates of heterogeneous effects also indicate that these results are independent of the previous academic performance. These findings are consistent with recent literature on the effects of 1:1 programs in developing countries. Creation-Date: 2017-08-30 Number: 78/2017 Classification-JEL: I21, I28 Keywords: Educação, Tecnologia, Desempenho Escolar, Avaliação de Impacto, Education, Technology, Student Achievement, Impact Evaluation DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594557 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594557/files/eprg-wp-2017-78.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:782017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Débora Alves Pereira Bastos Author-Name-First: Débora Alves Pereira Author-Name-Last: Bastos Author-Name: Rodrigo César Bessoni e Silva Author-Name-First: Rodrigo César Bessoni e Author-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Vander Mendes Lucas Author-Name-First: Vander Mendes Author-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Desregulamentação da franquia de bagagem despachada no Brasil: Uma Análise de Impacto Regulatório Abstract: The National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) proposed, in the second half of 2016, to deregulate the obligation to offer a free checked baggage on domestic flights. This policy is already a reality in most domestic markets in the world and, in general, the specialized literature points to the existence of gains in social welfare. Based on the economic theory of social welfare, this paper intends to discuss the expected impacts of this regulatory decision, taking into account the results observed in other countries applied to the Brazilian reality. The results suggest that consumers benefit by saving boarding and disembarkation time (corrected by the deterioration in punctuality) and by the expansion of demand due to the reduction of the price of the passage without baggage. On the other hand, companies benefit from new revenues from increased demand, fuel economy, the probable reduction of costs with baggage transport logistics and the reduction of indemnities for lost checked baggage. The authors apply economic valuation methodologies on a cost-benefit analysis to estimate the net social benefit expected as a result of the regulatory decision. Creation-Date: 2017-08-23 Number: 77/2017 Classification-JEL: D61, L51, L93 Keywords: Análise de Impacto Regulatório, Aviação, Franquia de bagagem, Regulatory Impact Analysis, Aviation, Baggage fee DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594549 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594549/files/eprg-wp-2017-77.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:772017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Marcos Correia Melonio Author-Name-First: Antonio Marcos Correia Author-Name-Last: Melonio Author-Name: Vander Mendes Lucas Author-Name-First: Vander Mendes Author-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Análise de Eficiência das IFES no Uso de Recursos Financeiros 2010-2015 Abstract: The Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) are composed of universities, isolated institutions and technological teaching centers. They play a fundamentally strategic role in the economic, social, scientific and technological development of the country. Increasingly, IFES is being called to account to society and to the regulatory and oversight bodies of the country about the impacts and results of their actions, since they use public financial resources. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of SFIs in relation to public resources expenditures in the REUNI period (2010 to 2012) and post-REUNI (2013 to 2015). The performance indicators of the Management Reports of the Court of Auditors of the Union (TCU) were used to analyze the quality of expenditure in the IFES. The methodology used to measure this efficiency of the IFES was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index. The calculation of the efficiency analysis for the years 2010 and 2015 showed that in 2010 the IFES considered efficient were 58% of the sample, and in the year 2015 presented a reduction, passing to 40% of the sample, being that they stood out as efficient in these The Federal Technological University of Paraná, the Federal University of Lavras, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. In the analysis of the Malmquist index, it was verified that only five IFES (10% of the sample) presented increase of productivity, being the largest increase occurred in the Federal University of Pelotas (25.8%), followed by the Federal University of Tocantins (13.2%), Federal University of ABC (9.9%), Federal Rural University of Amazonia (8.7%) and Federal State University of Rio de Janeiro (4.1%). With the results presented in the research, it is not possible to state that the end of the REUNI project had a direct impact on the efficiency of the IFES, but evidence can be found that there were perceptible changes. Creation-Date: 2017-08-16 Number: 76/2017 Classification-JEL: H21, H52, I21, I23 Keywords: DEA, Eficiência relativa, IFES, Índice de Malmquist, REUNI, Relative Efficiency, Malmquist Index DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594525 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594525/files/eprg-wp-2017-762.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:762017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo Dornelas Munhoz Author-Name-First: Eduardo Dornelas Author-Name-Last: Munhoz Author-Name: Moisés de Andrade Resende Filho Author-Name-First: Moisés de Andrade Author-Name-Last: Resende Filho Title: Royalties do petróleo, reeleição e ciclos políticos: um estudo econométrico para as eleições municipais de 2008 e 2012 Abstract: We investigated the effect of oil royalties on the probability of reelection in Brazil based on the literature on the impact of oil royalties on municipal public accounts and on theories of political cycles and voting. We estimated logistic regression models with cross-sectional data from the municipal elections of 2008 and 2012, where the mayor's probability of re-election is a function of receiving or not oil royalties and control variables for political and business cycles, socioeconomic and educational development of the municipality, personal characteristics and partisan vertical alignment of the mayor (mayor-governor-president). Although the regressions were not significant for the 2012 elections, the results for 2008 indicated that oil royalties do not affect the probability of re-election. These results also indicated that mayors from municipalities with more educated voters and who induce political cycles are less likely to be reelected, while mayors with a greater political capital stock, politically aligned with the governor and from municipalities with better socioeconomic conditions are more likely to be reelected. Creation-Date: 2017-08-09 Number: 75/2017 Classification-JEL: H30, H70, C35, H54, Q32 Keywords: royalties do petróleo, reeleição, eleições municipais, teorias de ciclos políticos, regressões logísticas, oil royalties, re-election, municipal elections, political business cycles theories, logistic regressions DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594512 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594512/files/eprg-wp-2017-75.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:752017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Débora Costa Ferreira Author-Name-First: Débora Costa Author-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Fernando B. Meneguin Author-Name-First: Fernando B. Author-Name-Last: Meneguin Author-Name: Maurício Soares Bugarin Author-Name-First: Maurício Soares Author-Name-Last: Bugarin Title: Responsabilidade fiscal, a atuação do Poder Judiciário e o comportamento estratégico dos governantes Abstract: Recent trends in Brazilian subnational governments' policy show significant increases in civil servants' wages, most especially by the end of unpopular governors' terms. This stylized fact suggests that the normative framework designed to control public expenditure has not been effective in fostering responsible fiscal policy. The present paper analyses the incentives for fiscal irresponsibility engendered by the current interpretation held by Brazilian Supreme Court regarding a law that bans expenditure that has not been previously planned. The present flexible interpretation allows for unpopular incumbents to be fiscally irresponsible at the end of their term, in order to generate future deficits, to jeopardize the following incumbent and to maximize his own chances of returning to office in future elections. Using a theoretical model, corroborated by quantitative evidence of the Federal District government, we show that the Judiciary can either cause fiscal instability, by stimulating irresponsible behavior of the governor or, conversely, the Judiciary can effectively contribute to curb the opportunist behavior of the governor. Creation-Date: 2017-08-02 Number: 74/2017 Classification-JEL: K42, H72, H39 Keywords: Análise Econômica do Direito, Uso estratégico do orçamento, Comportamento estratégico dos governantes, Responsabilidade fiscal, Interpretação constitucional, Law and Economics, Strategic use of budget deficits, Governors' strategic behavior, Fiscal responsibility, Constitutional interpretation DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594496 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594496/files/eprg-wp-2017-74.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:742017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hiromi Cristina Santos Doi Author-Name-First: Hiromi Cristina Santos Author-Name-Last: Doi Author-Name: Vander Mendes Lucas Author-Name-First: Vander Mendes Author-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Sustentabilidade da Dívida dos Estados Brasileiros: 2005-2015 Abstract: The aim of this article is to evaluate the debt sustainability of the Brazilian states during the period of 2005 to 2015. In this sense, the paper starts analysing the financial and economic data of the states. In order to verify whether state governments respond sustainedly to public debt accumulation, two empirical exercises are carried out using panel data. The first followed the proposal of Hamilton and Flavin (1986) and aimed to verify the results of the intertemporal budget constraint in the state governments budgets by checking the stationarity of economic time series by performing unit root tests. The second exercise, which complemented the analysis of debt sustainability of this study by estimating a fiscal reaction function, was based on the proposal presented by Bohn (2008), and estimated a fiscal reaction function using the panel model dynamic System GMM to determine whether state governments respond to the increase of public debt in terms of generating a primary surplus. The conclusion is that the Brazilian states have a solvent debt and an active fiscal policy, proving the sustainability of the debt of the Brazilian states for the period considered. However, this conclusion refers to the group of the states and may not represent the reality of each federative state, as it reflects the main behavior of the states. Creation-Date: 2017-07-26 Number: 73/2017 Keywords: Sustentabilidade e solvência da dívida, política fiscal, Debt sustainability, fiscal policy DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594461 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594461/files/eprg-wp-2017-73.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:732017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rodrigo Peñaloza Author-Name-First: Rodrigo Author-Name-Last: Peñaloza Title: Hotelling's product differentiation: an infinite-dimensional linear programming approach Abstract: We show that Hotelling's (1929) linear city model of product horizontal differentiation can be rewritten as an infinite-dimensional linear programming problem as in Kantorovich (1942). This reformulation of the Hotelling's model allows us to characterize its optimal allocation through duality theory and to characterize total costs in terms of the marginal contributions of the agents, that is, their shadow-prices. We analyse an industry with uniformly distributed firms and an industry where firms are concentrated and show how the total cost in each case is related to the Hirschmann-Herfindahl index. Creation-Date: 2017-07-19 Number: 72/2017 Classification-JEL: C61, D61, L11, L15 Keywords: mass transportation problem, shadow-prices DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594446 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594446/files/eprg-wp-2017-72.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:722017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maurício Soares Bugarin Author-Name-First: Maurício Soares Author-Name-Last: Bugarin Title: Escola japonesa ou escola brasileira? A inserção dos estudantes brasileiros na escola no Japão Creation-Date: 2017-06-16 Number: 71/2017 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594398 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594398/files/eprg-wp-2017-712.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:712017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bernardo Mueller Author-Name-First: Bernardo Author-Name-Last: Mueller Title: How the East was Lost: Coevolution of Institutions and Culture in the 16th Century Portuguese Empire Creation-Date: 2017-04-17 Number: 70/2017 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594367 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594367/files/eprg-wp-2017-70.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:702017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pedro Fernando Nery Author-Name-First: Pedro Fernando Author-Name-Last: Nery Author-Name: Fernando B. Meneguin Author-Name-First: Fernando B. Author-Name-Last: Meneguin Title: A reforma política sob o ponto de vista da análise econômica do direito Abstract: The text aims to analyze the consequences and behaviors that emerge from electoral legislation, focusing on the changes that are being raised in the context of political reform to try to reduce corruption and unethical practices in general. Three measures are further examined: public campaign funding, prohibition of re-election and district vote. To do so, we will use the instruments of Economic Analysis of Law, especially economic theory of crime, rational choice theory, game theory and the concept of adverse selection. The conclusion reached is that the effects of the reform will be minimized or mitigated because society keeps not having mechanisms to discourage bad practices. If the changes do not involve stronger institutions, there is a risk of changing the rules of the game without changing the players' behavior. Creation-Date: 2017-04-10 Number: 69/2017 Keywords: Reforma política, Análise Econômica do Direito, Financiamento público de campanha, Reeleição, Voto distrital, Political reform, Law and Economics, Public campaign funding, Re-election and district vote DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23594347 File-URL: https://zenodo.org/api/records/23594347/files/eprg-wp-2017-69.pdf/content File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:gvn:eprgwp:692017